Grammar Programme · 3-dars · A1

Present Simple

Odatlar, takroriy ishlar, doimiy holatlar va umumiy haqiqatlar haqida to‘g‘ri gapirishni o‘rganing.

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Dars maqsadlari

Dars oxirida nimalarni qila olasiz?

  • odat, doimiy holat va umumiy haqiqatni Present Simple’da aytasiz;
  • he/she/it bilan fe’lga -s/-es qo‘shasiz;
  • do/does yordamida inkor va savol tuzasiz;
  • oddiy fe’l bilan to be gaplarini farqlaysiz;
  • frequency adverblarni gapda to‘g‘ri joylashtirasiz.

1 · Meaning — ma’no

Present Simple odat, takroriy ish, doimiy holat yoki umumiy haqiqatni bildiradi.

OdatI drink tea every morning.

Men har kuni ertalab choy ichaman.

Doimiy holatShe lives in Urgench.

U Urganchda yashaydi.

Umumiy haqiqatWater boils at 100°C.

Suv 100°C da qaynaydi.

JadvalThe lesson starts at 9:00.

Dars soat 9:00 da boshlanadi.

Asosiy savol

Bu ish odatda, doimo yoki takroran sodir bo‘ladimi? Ha bo‘lsa, ko‘pincha Present Simple kerak.

OdatI read every day.

Takrorlanadigan ish.

Hozir davom etmoqdaI am reading now.

Ayni paytdagi harakat; bu Present Continuous.

Holat fe’llari

know, like, want, understand, see, hear kabi fe’llar hozirgi ma’noda ham ko‘pincha Present Simple bilan keladi: I know the answer. She wants water.

2 · Affirmative — darak gap

Oddiy fe’l bilan ega va fe’l ishlatiladi.

Asosiy qolipI / YOU / WE / THEY + V₁ · HE / SHE / IT + V₁ + S/ES
I / you / we / theyThey work at a school.

Fe’l lug‘atdagi V₁ shaklida.

He / she / itShe works at a school.

Darak gapda fe’lga -s/-es.

V₁ nima?

Fe’lning lug‘atdagi asosiy shakli: work, study, go, play.

Tezkor tekshiruv: “U har kuni ishlaydi” qanday aytiladi?

He works every day. / She works every day.

He/she bilan oddiy fe’lli darak gapda -s qo‘shiladi.

3 · Third-person singular

He, she, it yoki bitta shaxs/narsa bilan -s/-es qo‘shiladi.

ko‘pchilik fe’llar + sworks, reads, plays
-s/-sh/-ch/-x/-o + espasses, washes, watches, fixes, goes
undosh + y → iesstudies, tries, carries
unli + y → splays, enjoys, buys
have → hasHe has a car.
do → doesShe does her homework.

Ko‘p uchraydigan xato

He study. → He studies. · She play. → She plays.

4 · Negative — inkor

Inkor gapda don’t yoki doesn’t + V₁ ishlatiladi.

Inkor qolipiI/YOU/WE/THEY + DON’T + V₁ · HE/SHE/IT + DOESN’T + V₁
I don’t work.Men ishlamayman.
They don’t play football.Ular futbol o‘ynamaydi.
He doesn’t work.U ishlamaydi.
She doesn’t study.U o‘qimaydi.

Nega study bo‘ldi?

Does yordamchi fe’li -s ma’nosini o‘ziga oladi. Shuning uchun doesn’t studies emas, doesn’t study.

Tezkor tekshiruv: She doesn’t likes tea gapini tuzating.

She doesn’t like tea.

Doesn’t dan keyin fe’l V₁ shakliga qaytadi.

5 · Questions — so‘roq

Do yoki does egadan oldin keladi; asosiy fe’l V₁ bo‘ladi.

Yes/No questionDO + I/YOU/WE/THEY + V₁? · DOES + HE/SHE/IT + V₁?
SavolQisqa javob
Do you work here?Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
Do they speak English?Yes, they do. / No, they don’t.
Does he live in Khiva?Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
Does this computer work?Yes, it does. / No, it doesn’t.
Wh-questionWH-WORD + DO/DOES + EGA + V₁?
WhereWhere do you live?
WhatWhat does she teach?
WhenWhen does the train leave?
WhyWhy do they study English?

Ko‘p uchraydigan xato

Does she works? → Does she work?

6 · Present Simple with to be

Am, is, are bilan do/does ishlatilmaydi.

DarakInkorSo‘roq
I am a student.I am not a student.Am I a student?
She is a doctor.She isn’t a doctor.Is she a doctor?
They are busy.They aren’t busy.Are they busy?
Kimlik / kasbMy mother is a doctor.
Sifat / holatThe students are tired.
JoyWe are at school.
Umumiy faktLondon is the capital of the UK.
Tezkor tekshiruv: “Ular bandmi?” qanday so‘raladi?

Are they busy?

Busy sifat; bu gapda do emas, are egadan oldinga chiqadi.

Muhim farq

Oddiy fe’l: Does he work? · To be: Is he a teacher? Does he is...? deyilmaydi.

7 · Frequency adverbs

Takrorlanish ravishlari ishning qanchalik tez-tez bo‘lishini ko‘rsatadi.

always · 100%usually · 80–90%often · 60–70%sometimes · 40–50%rarely · 10–20%never · 0%
Oddiy fe’ldan oldinShe often reads at night.

Subject + adverb + verb.

Am/is/are dan keyinHe is always friendly.

Subject + be + adverb.

Ikki inkor qilmang

Never o‘zi inkor ma’noga ega: I never smoke. I don’t never smoke.

Aniq vaqt birikmalari

every day, once a month, twice a year, at weekends odatda gap oxirida keladi: She visits us once a week.

8 · Other uses

Present Simple kelajak jadvali va ayrim ergash gaplarda ham ishlatiladi.

Rasmiy jadvalThe train leaves at 7 tomorrow. The film begins in ten minutes.
If / when + Present SimpleIf it doesn’t rain, we will play. I will call you when I arrive.
Until / as soon asWe will wait until he returns. We will leave as soon as she finishes.
Nutqiy harakatI promise I will help. I agree with you. I apologise.

Kelajak ergash gapida

When I will arrive → when I arrive. · If it will not rain → if it doesn’t rain.

Fe’l qoliplari

suggest + verb-ing: suggest going. · refuse + to + verb: refuse to go.

9 · Common mistakes

Yordamchi fe’lga va asosiy fe’l shakliga qarang.

XatoTo‘g‘riSabab
He go to school.He goes to school.He bilan -es.
She doesn’t works.She doesn’t work.Doesn’t dan keyin V₁.
Do he live here?Does he live here?He bilan does.
I am work every day.I work every day.Work oddiy fe’l.
He always is late.He is always late.Ravish to be’dan keyin.

Dars xulosasi

Faoliyatlardan oldin yodda tuting.

  • Present Simple odat, doimiy holat va umumiy haqiqat uchun ishlatiladi.
  • He/she/it + s/es faqat oddiy fe’lli darak gapda.
  • Does/doesn’t kelganda asosiy fe’l V₁ bo‘ladi.
  • Oddiy fe’l bilan do/does; to be bilan am/is/are.
  • Frequency adverb oddiy fe’ldan oldin, to be’dan keyin.

Mashq va testga tayyormisiz?

  • He/she/it bilan fe’l shaklini to‘g‘ri tanlay olaman.
  • Do/does va don’t/doesn’t bilan gap tuza olaman.
  • To be gapida do/does ishlatmaslikni bilaman.
  • Always, usually va never o‘rnini aniqlay olaman.

Endi bilimingizni tekshiring

Dars tugadi. Keyingi qadamni tanlang.

Mashq va test faqat tegishli tugmani bosganingizdan keyin ochiladi.