Dars maqsadlari
Dars oxirida nimalarni qila olasiz?
- tugagan o‘tmish voqeasini V2 bilan aytasiz;
- did/didn’t + V1 bilan savol va inkor tuzasiz;
- was/were shakllarini to‘g‘ri tanlaysiz;
- used to + V1 bilan hozir yo‘q eski odatni aytasiz;
- asosiy vaqt ifodalari va irregular V2 shakllarini qo‘llaysiz.
1 · Meaning — ma’no
Past Simple o‘tmishda ma’lum vaqtda sodir bo‘lgan va tugagan ish yoki holatni bildiradi.
Men kecha Aliga qo‘ng‘iroq qildim.
Harakatlar birin-ketin tugadi.
U javobni bilardi.
Biz har oqshom shaxmat o‘ynardik.
Vaqt ko‘rsatkichlari
yesterday, last night/week/year, two hours ago, in 2020, on Monday, the other day. Ago miqdordan keyin: three days ago.
2 · Affirmative
Darak gapda barcha egalar bilan fe’lning V2 shakli ishlatiladi.
Odatda -ed qo‘shiladi.
Maxsus V2 shakli yodlanadi.
Noto‘g‘ri fe’l
I goed. → I went. Noto‘g‘ri fe’lga shunchaki -ed qo‘shilmaydi.
3 · Adding -ed
Fe’l oxiriga qarab imlo va talaffuz o‘zgaradi.
| Talaffuz | Misollar |
|---|---|
| /t/ | worked, watched, laughed |
| /d/ | played, cleaned, lived |
| /ɪd/ | wanted, needed, visited |
4 · Negative and questions
Did o‘tgan zamonni ko‘rsatadi, shuning uchun undan keyin asosiy fe’l V1 bo‘ladi.
Ko‘p uchraydigan xato
Did you went? → Did you go? · He didn’t wrote. → He didn’t write.
Who ega bo‘lsa
Who called you? — who ega, did kerak emas. Ammo: Who did you call?
Tezkor tekshiruv: Did she wrote? gapini tuzating.
Did she write?
Did o‘tgan zamonni bildiradi; undan keyin fe’l V1 shakliga qaytadi.
5 · Was and were
Be fe’li did bilan ishlatilmaydi.
| Ega | Darak | Inkor | So‘roq |
|---|---|---|---|
| I/he/she/it | was | wasn’t | Was...? |
| you/we/they | were | weren’t | Were...? |
Xato
Did she be tired? → Was she tired?
6 · Used to
Used to + V1 oldin muntazam bo‘lgan, lekin hozir odatda yo‘q odat yoki holatni bildiradi.
Would
Would takrorlangan o‘tgan harakatlar uchun mumkin, lekin holatlar uchun emas: used to live, used to be shy.
7 · Past time expressions
Tugagan vaqtni bildiruvchi iboralar Past Simple bilan tabiiy keladi.
| Vaqt ifodasi | Misol | Tarjima |
|---|---|---|
| yesterday | I called her yesterday. | Men unga kecha qo‘ng‘iroq qildim. |
| last week/year | We moved last year. | Biz o‘tgan yili ko‘chdik. |
| two days ago | He arrived two days ago. | U ikki kun oldin keldi. |
| in 2024 / on Monday | They met in 2024. | Ular 2024-yilda uchrashdi. |
Ago o‘rni
ago two days emas, two days ago. Miqdor va vaqt birligi ago dan oldin keladi.
Tezkor tekshiruv: “uch hafta oldin” qanday aytiladi?
three weeks ago
Son + vaqt birligi + ago tartibi ishlatiladi.
8 · Subject and object questions
Who ega bo‘lsa did ishlatilmaydi; object haqida so‘ralsa did kerak.
Kim sizga qo‘ng‘iroq qildi? Who ishni bajargan, did yo‘q.
Siz kimga qo‘ng‘iroq qildingiz? You ega, shuning uchun did bor.
Tekshirish usuli
Savoldagi who o‘rniga Ali qo‘ying. Ali called you bo‘lsa subject question; You called Ali bo‘lsa object question.
Tezkor tekshiruv: “Kim xat yozdi?” qanday so‘raladi?
Who wrote the letter?
Who ishni bajargan ega bo‘lgani uchun did ishlatilmaydi; write V2 — wrote bo‘ladi.
9 · Essential irregular verbs
Eng kerakli V2 shakllarni gaplarda yodlang.
| V1 | V2 | V1 | V2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| be | was/were | go | went |
| buy | bought | come | came |
| do | did | eat | ate |
| get | got | give | gave |
| know | knew | meet | met |
| see | saw | take | took |
| think | thought | write | wrote |
O‘rganish usuli
Kuniga 8–10 ta fe’l tanlang va V2 bilan shaxsiy gap tuzing: I went..., I bought..., I saw...
Dars xulosasi
Faoliyatlardan oldin yodda tuting.
- Darak: S + V2.
- Inkor: didn’t + V1.
- So‘roq: Did + S + V1?
- Be bilan was/were; did ishlatilmaydi.
- Oldingi odat: used to + V1.
- Who ega bo‘lsa did ishlatilmaydi.
Mashq va testga tayyormisiz?
- Regular va asosiy irregular V2 shakllarini taniyman.
- Did/didn’t dan keyin V1 ishlataman.
- Was/were bilan oddiy fe’l gapini farqlay olaman.
- Yesterday, last va ago iboralarini to‘g‘ri joylashtiraman.
Endi bilimingizni tekshiring
Dars tugadi. Keyingi qadamni tanlang.
Mashq va test faqat tegishli tugmani bosganingizdan keyin ochiladi.