Grammar Programme · 5-dars · A1

Present Continuous

Hozir davom etayotgan harakatlar, vaqtinchalik holatlar, o‘zgarishlar va aniq rejalarni ifodalashni o‘rganing.

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Dars maqsadlari

Dars oxirida nimalarni qila olasiz?

  • am/is/are + V-ing bilan hozirgi va vaqtinchalik ishlarni aytasiz;
  • darak, inkor, yes/no va wh-savollar tuzasiz;
  • V-ing imlo qoidalarini qo‘llaysiz;
  • Present Simple va Present Continuous’ni ma’noga ko‘ra farqlaysiz;
  • asosiy stative verblarni Continuous’da noto‘g‘ri ishlatmaslikni bilasiz.

1 · Meaning — ma’no

Present Continuous hozir, shu vaqt atrofida yoki vaqtincha davom etayotgan ishni bildiradi.

Asosiy qolipSUBJECT + AM / IS / ARE + V-ING
Aynan hozirI am reading now.

Men hozir o‘qiyapman.

Shu davrdaShe is writing a book.

U shu kunlarda kitob yozmoqda.

VaqtinchaWe are staying at a hotel.

Biz vaqtincha mehmonxonada turibmiz.

O‘zgarishYour English is improving.

Ingliz tilingiz yaxshilanmoqda.

Ikki qism zarur

I reading. → I am reading. · She is read. → She is reading.

2 · Am, is or are?

Yordamchi fe’l egaga mos bo‘lishi kerak.

EgaYordamchiMisol
IamI am working.
he / she / it / birlikdagi otisAziza is studying.
you / we / they / ko‘plikdagi otareThe students are listening.
I am → I’mI’m not
he/she/it is → he’s/she’s/it’sis not → isn’t
you/we/they are → you’re/we’re/they’reare not → aren’t

Am not

Standart shakl I’m not working. I amn’t ishlatilmaydi.

3 · Three sentence forms

Darak, inkor va so‘roq gapda yordamchi fe’lning o‘rniga qarang.

DarakSUBJECT + AM/IS/ARE + V-ING
InkorSUBJECT + AM/IS/ARE + NOT + V-ING
So‘roqAM/IS/ARE + SUBJECT + V-ING?
DarakInkorSo‘roq va javob
She is working.She isn’t working.Is she working? Yes, she is.
They are coming.They aren’t coming.Are they coming? No, they aren’t.
I am joking.I’m not joking.Am I joking? Yes, you are.
Tezkor tekshiruv: They working now gapini tuzating.

They are working now.

Continuous gapda egaga mos am/is/are va V-ing ikkalasi ham zarur.

4 · Wh-questions

Wh-so‘z yordamchi fe’ldan oldin keladi.

QolipWH-WORD + AM/IS/ARE + SUBJECT + V-ING?
What are you doing?Siz nima qilyapsiz?
Where is he going?U qayerga ketyapti?
Why are they laughing?Ular nega kulishyapti?
Who is she talking to?U kim bilan gaplashyapti?

So‘roq-inkor

Isn’t she coming? Aren’t they listening? hayrat, shikoyat yoki tasdiq kutishni bildirishi mumkin. I bilan standart shakl: Am I not...?

5 · Adding -ing

Fe’l oxiriga qarab imlo o‘zgaradi.

Ko‘p fe’llar + ingwork → working; read → reading
Oxirgi jim e tushadimake → making; write → writing
Qisqa unli + undoshrun → running; sit → sitting
ie → ylie → lying; die → dying
y o‘zgarmaydistudy → studying; play → playing
Istisnosee → seeing; agree → agreeing

Ko‘p uchraydigan xato

writeing → writing · runing → running · lieing → lying

Tezkor tekshiruv: run va write fe’llarining V-ing shakli nima?

running; writing

Run oxirgi undoshni takrorlaydi; write oxiridagi jim e ni tushiradi.

6 · Main uses

Harakat aynan shu soniyada yoki hozirgi davr ichida davom etishi mumkin.

Aynan hozirListen! Somebody is crying.
Shu kunlardaThey are preparing for an exam.
Vaqtinchalik holatI’m staying at a hotel this week.

Vaqt ko‘rsatkichlari

now, right now, at the moment, currently, these days, this week, Look!, Listen!, still. Still yordamchidan keyin keladi: She is still sleeping.

7 · Change and complaint

Jarayonning o‘zgarishi va hissiy shikoyat ham ifodalanadi.

RivojlanishMy English is getting better.

Ingliz tilim yaxshilanib bormoqda.

O‘zgarishThe weather is becoming warmer.

Ob-havo iliqlashmoqda.

Neytral odatHe always loses his keys.

Oddiy fakt.

ShikoyatHe is always losing his keys!

Bu holat gapiruvchini bezovta qiladi.

8 · Future arrangement

Vaqti yoki joyi kelishilgan aniq reja uchun ham ishlatiladi.

I’m meeting my teacher at 4.Uchrashuv kelishilgan.
We are flying to Samarkand tonight.Chipta va reja aniq.
They are coming to dinner tomorrow.Tashrif kelishilgan.

Aniq kelishuv yoki oddiy niyat?

Aniq kelishuv: We are meeting at three. Oddiy niyat: We are going to buy a TV.

9 · Present Simple or Continuous?

Odat bilan hozirgi yoki vaqtinchalik ishni ajrating.

Present SimplePresent Continuous
odat yoki doimiy fakthozirgi yoki vaqtinchalik ish
I work at a school.I am working from home this week.
She usually walks to work.She is taking a taxi today.
do/does bilan savolam/is/are bilan savol

Ma’no farqi

What do you do? — Kasbingiz nima? · What are you doing? — Hozir nima qilyapsiz?

Tezkor tekshiruv: “Bu hafta uyda ishlayapman” qaysi zamonda?

I am working at home this week.

This week vaqtinchalik vaziyatni bildiradi, shuning uchun Present Continuous.

10 · Stative verbs — holat fe’llari

Holat, fikr, hissiyot, egalik yoki sezgini bildirgan fe’llar odatda Continuous’da kelmaydi.

Fikr / bilishknow, understand, believe, remember
Xohish / hissiyotwant, need, like, love, prefer
Egalikhave, own, belong, contain
Sezgi / ko‘rinishsee, hear, smell, taste, seem
Holat — SimpleHarakat — Continuous
I think he is right.I’m thinking about it.
She has a car.She is having lunch.
I see a bird.I’m seeing the doctor.
The soup tastes good.The chef is tasting it.

Ma’noni tekshiring

I am knowing the answer. → I know the answer. Ammo I’m thinking yoki is having lunch harakat ma’nosida to‘g‘ri.

Dars xulosasi

Faoliyatlardan oldin yodda tuting.

  • Darak: subject + am/is/are + V-ing.
  • Inkor: am/is/are + not + V-ing.
  • So‘roqda yordamchi fe’l egadan oldinga chiqadi.
  • Zamon hozirgi, vaqtinchalik va o‘zgarayotgan ishlar uchun.
  • Aniq kelishilgan kelajak rejasi uchun ham ishlatiladi.
  • Holat fe’llari odatda Simple’da keladi.

Mashq va testga tayyormisiz?

  • Egaga mos am/is/are ni tanlay olaman.
  • V-ing shaklini to‘g‘ri yoza olaman.
  • Simple va Continuous ma’nosini farqlay olaman.
  • Know, want va need kabi holat fe’llarini taniyman.

Endi bilimingizni tekshiring

Dars tugadi. Keyingi qadamni tanlang.

Mashq va test faqat tegishli tugmani bosganingizdan keyin ochiladi.