Unit 3

Adverbs

Study adverb types, formation, same-form adverbs and adjectives, comparison, and natural sentence position.

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Adverbs add information about verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, or whole sentences.

An adverb can show how, where, when, how often, how much, or how certain something is. Many adverbs end in -ly, but not all of them do.

Manner She spoke clearly.

The adverb tells us how she spoke.

Place They waited outside.

The adverb tells us where they waited.

Frequency He usually studies at night.

The adverb tells us how often he studies.

Degree The lesson is very useful.

The adverb makes the adjective stronger.

Kinds

Adverbs answer different questions.

MannerHow?
quickly, well, carefully
PlaceWhere?
here, there, away, outside
TimeWhen?
now, soon, today, later
FrequencyHow often?
always, often, never, twice
SentenceSpeaker opinion
certainly, luckily, perhaps
DegreeHow much?
very, too, quite, almost

Form

Many adverbs are formed by adding -ly to adjectives.

Regularslow -> slowly, final -> finally, quick -> quickly
Final -yhappy -> happily, easy -> easily, angry -> angrily
Final consonant + legentle -> gently, simple -> simply, terrible -> terribly
Special formstrue -> truly, full -> fully, good -> well
Important note

Some words ending in -ly, such as friendly, likely, and lonely, are usually adjectives. Use a phrase like in a friendly way when you need an adverb meaning.

Same form

Some words can be both adjectives and adverbs without changing form.

Adverb The train went fast.

Fast describes how the train went.

Adjective It was a fast train.

Fast describes the noun train.

Hard He works hard.

Hardly does not mean hard. It means almost not.

Late She arrived late.

Lately means recently.

High The bird flew high.

Highly is usually abstract: highly successful.

Right Turn right here.

Rightly means correctly or justly.

Comparison

Adverbs can have comparative and superlative forms.

Longer adverbs more / most + adverb

carefully -> more carefully -> most carefully

Short adverbs -er / -est

hard -> harder -> hardest, early -> earlier -> earliest

wellbetter
best
badlyworse
worst
littleless
least
muchmore
most
farfarther / further
farthest / furthest

Position

Adverb position changes with the kind of adverb.

MannerUsually after the verb or object: She danced beautifully. They speak English well.
Do not split verb + objectSay: I read the letter carefully. Not: I read carefully the letter.
PlaceUsually after the verb or object: He lives abroad. She sent him away.
TimeOften at the beginning or end: Later, we went home. We went home later.
OrderManner usually comes before place and time: They worked hard in the garden today.

Time and frequency

Frequency adverbs usually sit near the main verb.

With be after be

He is always on time. They are never late.

With other verbs before the main verb

She often reads. We rarely watch TV.

With auxiliaries after the first auxiliary

You have often been told. He can never understand.

Still / yet different meanings

Still shows continuation. Yet usually means up to now in questions or negatives.

Sentence and degree

Sentence adverbs comment on the whole sentence. Degree adverbs modify adjectives, adverbs, or verbs.

Sentence adverbs

Luckily, nobody was hurt. Perhaps she is right. Certainly, we can help.

Degree adverbs

very useful, too fast, almost ready, hardly any time, big enough

Word order reminder

Enough usually comes after the adjective or adverb: old enough, quickly enough. Only and just should be near the word they limit.

Self-assessment

Before the adverb exercises, check these skills.

  • I can identify adverbs of manner, place, time, frequency, sentence, and degree.
  • I can form regular and spelling-change -ly adverbs.
  • I can choose between hard and hardly, late and lately, and good and well.
  • I can compare adverbs with more, most, -er, and irregular forms.
  • I can place adverbs naturally in a sentence.

Quick check

Check yourself before the adverb worksheet tasks.

Which sentence uses an adverb of manner?

She answered politely. Politely tells us how she answered.

Which is correct: good or well?

She speaks English well. Well is the adverb form of good.

Where does enough go?

After the adjective or adverb: old enough, quickly enough.

Practice

Complete the adverb worksheet exercises.

Work through the adverb unit, check your answers, then save the result to your dashboard.

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